There is no cure for diabetes. It is believed that the goal of therapeutic measures is achieved when blood glucose levels are at the normal level, which is the prevention of complications. Treatment includes diet therapy, exercise, drug therapy, and prevention of complications.
Diet for diabetes is the basis of treatment. Proper nutrition helps improve the condition and cope with symptoms. Mind you, you will have to radically revise the diet and diet. Of course, you have to give up the sweet and the fatty. And yes, there will be many restrictions on your diet. Not inspired by the prospect of eating cabbage and black bread all your life? Do not be angry!
Nutrition for type 1 and type 2 diabetes can vary. The main thing is to understand what you can and cannot eat.
Focus: carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the main provider of energy. In diabetes, they must represent 50-60% of the energy value of the diet. Carbohydrate-containing foods are conventionally divided into two groups:
- Fast carbohydrates (simple). They are absorbed within 15 to 20 minutes of consumption and lead to an instant spike in blood sugar. These are candy, starch, sugar, potatoes, white bread, grits, and rice cereal. Its use will have to be abandoned.
- Slow (complex) carbohydrates are absorbed within a few hours. These are almost all cereals, grain bread, vegetables, fruits, berries. They can and should be consumed, but you will have to strictly control the amount.
Cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, zucchini, eggplant, lettuce, sorrel, spinach, rhubarb, radish, radish, blueberries, lemons, apples and plums can be consumed up to 600-800 g per day. Carrots, beets, onions, rutabagas, celery, sweet peppers, beans, citrus fruits, plums, pears, peaches, lingonberries, strawberries, raspberries, currants, currants, blueberries, sweet varieties of apples can be eaten, but in limited quantities. From the diet you will need to sharply limit potatoes and completely exclude pineapples, bananas, pomegranates, cherries and cherries, persimmons, grapes, dried fruits.
Of great importance is dietary fiber, which is found in plant foods that can lower blood sugar. Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, lemon, onion, garlic, oatmeal, legumes, green beans, broccoli, cauliflower, green leaf lettuce and some other foods have a hypoglycemic effect.
If the rejection of sweets is difficult to tolerate, the doctor will advise you which sugar substitutes are the most suitable in each case and in what quantity.
fats
The amount of animal fats is reduced in the diet. This is especially true of refractory fats of animal origin: lamb, pork, fatty veal, duck, goose. You can not eat foods rich in cholesterol (heart, liver and other viscera). Preference should be given to easily digestible fats of plant origin.
You can't completely refuse fats, without them you won't get fat-soluble vitamins and omega-6 and omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids. They should represent 25-30% of the energy value of the diet.
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Proteins, as a rule, require more than the physiological norm. They compensate the energy value of the diet while reducing the amount of fats and carbohydrates.
You should get about 20% of your calories from protein. At the same time, 55% of the total amount of protein is animal protein.
Lean beef, rabbit, turkey, fish, chicken, egg, cottage cheese, and other dairy products are recommended, as are legumes and proteins from specialized SBCS products.
Dietary guidelines for diabetes.
- Forget fried, smoked and salty. Products must be boiled, steamed, baked.
- The daily amount of food is divided into 5-6 meals. This promotes even carbohydrate absorption and helps prevent sudden spikes in blood sugar. Breakfast should account for 25% of the energy intensity of the diet, for lunch - 10-15%, for lunch - 25%, for afternoon tea - 5-10%, for dinner - 25% and for the second dinner - 5- 10%.
- It is advisable to take food at the same time, strictly observing the diet. This is especially important in insulin dependent diabetes.
- The caloric content of food should be about the same every day.
- It is necessary to follow the drinking regimen recommended by the doctor.
A sensible and balanced approach to nutrition is the foundation for good health in diabetes. Do not forget about moderate physical activity and weight loss. They will help you feel better and live longer.